GameStop Corp.’s chief operating officer, Jenna Owens, has left the company, less than a year after joining.

GameStop didn’t give a reason for Ms. Owens’s exit. The former Amazon.com Inc. executive joined the Grapevine, Texas-based videogame retailer in March as the company pushed a turnaround effort. As COO, she was responsible for overseeing business intelligence, fulfillment, supply chain and store operations.

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GameStop Corp.’s chief operating officer, Jenna Owens, has left the company, less than a year after joining.

GameStop didn’t give a reason for Ms. Owens’s exit. The former Amazon.com Inc. executive joined the Grapevine, Texas-based videogame retailer in March as the company pushed a turnaround effort. As COO, she was responsible for overseeing business intelligence, fulfillment, supply chain and store operations.

Shares of GameStop rose to a record high during a retail investor trading frenzy in January, marking the beginning of the meme-stock phenomenon. There was an overhaul of its leadership team in June that included a new chief executive and chief financial officer, also Amazon veterans.

GameStop in September said it narrowed its losses and posted sales growth of roughly 26% in the latest quarter. In the period that ended July 31, GameStop posted a loss of $61.6 million, or 85 cents a share. Its year-ago loss was $111.3 million

The company said Ms. Owens’s duties would be split among other members of the company’s management team.

GameStop didn;t respond to requests for comment.

Ms. Owens’s base salary was $200,000 annually, and she was eligible to receive a $2.5 million sign-on bonus, paid in installments, according to a March regulatory filing. Her severance pay includes six months’ base pay and the remaining portion of her sign-on bonus, the company said in a filing Friday.

Write to Maria Armental at maria.armental@wsj.com